ADL
The Activities of Daily Living collected by our program give an indication of a patient's ability to function.
It is not the question if a patient is not allowed to perform an activity, or if there are no facilities for the patient to be independent. If patient would be able to do the activity, they should be scored as "unassisted".
Bathing
Either sponge bath, tub bath or shower.
Unassisted
- receives no assistance (gets in and out of tub if tub is the usual means of bathing)
Minor
- receives assistance in bathing only one part of the body (such as the back or leg)
Major
- receives assistance in bathing more than one part of the body (or not bathed)
Dressing
Gets clothes from closets and drawers - including underclothes, outer garments and using fasteners (including braces if worn)
Unassisted
- gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance
Minor
- gets their--JHutton 10:08, 11 June 2008 (CDT) clothes and gets dressed without assistance except in tying shoes
Major
- receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed or stays partly or completely undressed
Toiletting
Going to the "toilet room" for bowel movement and urine elimination; cleaning self after elimination, and arranging clothes
Unassisted
- goes to "toilet room", cleans self, and arranges clothes without assistance (may use object for support such as cane, walker, or wheelchair and my manage night bedpan or commode, emptying same in the morning
Minor
- receives assistance in going to "toilet room" or in cleansing self or in arranging clothes after elimination or in use of night bedpan or commode.
Major
- doesn't go to "toilet room" for elimination process
Transfer
Unassisted
- moves in and out of bed as well as in and out of chair without assistance (may be using object for support such as cane or walker)
Minor
- moves in and out of bed or chair with assistance
Major
- doesn't get out of bed
Continence
Unassisted
- controls urination and bowel movement completely by self
Minor
- has occasional "accidents"
Major
- supervision helps keep urine or bowel control; catheter is used, or is incontinent
Discussion
- does the use of a foley from home or within the first 24 hours qualify as Dependant. The KATZ states "Dependant as assistance; incontinent or cathether used (as with the use of a foley).
Feeding
Unassisted
- feeds self without assistance
Minor
- feeds self except for getting assistance in cutting meat or buttering bread
Major
- receives assistance in feeding of is fed partly of completely by using tubes or intravenous fluids.
Discussion
- when a person arrives to the unit within the first 24 hours NPO either for a test or for GI Bleed does this qualify as Dependant? The KATZ says 'Dependant is assistance to eat; does not eat (I interpret this to include NPO); must be fed; fed partly or completely by NG or IV.
Discussion
- we want to get back to the way it was done before the confusion of instructions.
Current
- Grace: gets what they can off ER sheet, then use ward records
- Vic: go through ER, then as close as possible on Ward, OT/PT does good job usually within 24hr (MOST patients are assessed). Lots of nursing home placements are why this is done
- StB: ER assessment for falls assessment / risk sheet / prevention program; sometimes filled by ward nurses, then you have physio and OT and home care, latter usually for elderly patients only.
- what values are used
- Worst in some locations
- most likely accurate in other location
- some use pre-admission ADL, some use ony after WARD admission
- "how they are normally"
- some changed from "usual" pre-2007 to "worst" after
- sedated patient is coded as if they were unassisted
Dr. Roberts says: We want the permanent or chronic ADL, not the transient one. We want the prediction of their state within the first 24 hours on the ward taking into account the historical ADL with a projection how their current state will impact their future ADL.
Example: changes via a stroke.
Reference
- Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL; a standardized measure of ...ological and Psychological functioning. by Katz S, et al.. Copyright 1963 by the American Medical Association. Reprinted with permission of AMA via the Copyright Clearance Center.
- S Katz, TD Downs, HR Cash, RC Grotz, (1970). Index of Activities of Daily Living, The Gerontologist, 1:20-301.